BÂRSANA Monastery (drone Maramures, Romania)

#maramures #romania #monastery
Bârsana Monastery is an Orthodox monastery in Romania located in Bârsana commune, Maramureș county.
The first documentary attestations that refer to the Bârsana Monastery date from 1390; in a document dated July 21, 1390, referring to the properties of the Dragoș ducal family, a road is mentioned that forks, leading on one arm to the village of Bârsana, and on the other to the monastery. Valea Mănăstirii and Dealul Popii are also mentioned in this document.


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In a deed of ownership, dated November 6, 1405, a "field of the monastery" is mentioned. Other mentions of the monastery are found in property deeds of the Dragoș ducal family, between the years 1408-1480, the last deed referring to Bartolomeu Dragfi, voivode of Transylvania.
The church is located in historical Maramureș, on the Iza valley. The old wooden church was built in 1711 in the place called "Părul Călugărului" by the noble priest Ioan Ștefanca, together with his sons and other villagers, to thank God for protection during the great plague of the previous year. The church was moved to Valea Izei around 1739 on the site of a cemetery that appeared after the fight with the Tatars in 1717.
The church was moved a second time when it was brought to the village around 1795 in the middle of a cemetery of victims of the small plague of 1742 or later[1]. The interior of the church was repainted in 1806 by Hodor Toader, being influenced by the Baroque and Rococo styles. The paintings were executed on wood, partially leveled with textile pieces, fixed to the walls and covered with a layer of prepared lime, as was the custom of the time. Later, the two-tiered porch was added to the west and the windows were enlarged. In 1929, the windows framing the door between the nave and the porch were cut.
The church is built of beams assembled in the "blockbau" system (horizontal beam construction technique) and has a rectangular plan, with a two-level porch on the west and a polygonal altar apse, set back. On the inside, it is worth noting the vault of polygonal section, on consoles (compared to the semi-cylindrical vaults usually found), and on the outside there are the porches with arches on carved pillars and pierced parapets.
The double-gabled roof has a belfry tower above the pronaos with an open cantilevered belfry, arched on pillars and a high, pyramidal roof.
The mural has an iconographic program dominated, in the nave, by scenes from Genesis, and in the pronaos by the Last Judgment, as well as by the moralizing discourse highlighted by the parallelism between the scenes from the Old Testament and the Passion of Jesus. The painter Toader Hodor introduces decorative motifs of baroque and rococo inspiration and a pictorial and dynamic way of representation, foreign to the post-Byzantine tradition, into the Maramuresi mural painting. Within his creation, the painting from Bârsana represents the most coherent decorative ensemble, which includes the mural painting, the iconostasis and the furniture, the interior of the church giving the impression of a new plastic space in relation to the post-Byzantine tradition, dominant until the end of the 18th century.
The monastic complex was built of wood, according to local tradition, under the direction of the architect Cordoș Dorel. It is composed of: the specific Maramuresi gate, the bell tower, the church (with a height of 57 m), the summer altar, the monks' cells, the chapel (built on several levels), the foremen's house and the artists' house (workshop). Recently, the Museum was built within the monastery.
Currently, the patron saint of the monastery is celebrated on June 30: "Council of the Saints 12 Apostles", the protectors of the monastery being the 12 apostles.
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